CSFB (Circuit Switched Fallback) is an solution in 3GPP Release 8. In this approach, the LTE provides data services, and when a voice call is to be initiated or received, […]
What Is CSFB?
How Can We Achieve Low Latency for URLLC Use Cases?
URLLC use cases can have very stringent latency requirements, as low as 5 ms for end-to-end latency. Taking into consideration the various factors of the end-to-end network, the budget for […]
How Can We Improve VoLTE Coverage?
The Problem: VoLTE Coverage Reasons: VoLTE deployments have targeted use of high definition voice codes such as AMR 12.65 kbps for improved voice quality, while many 2G/3G voice network designs […]
What Are 5G mmWave Bands?
The ITU proposed several globally bands in mmWave spectrum as below: 24.25–27.5 GHz; 37–40.5 GHz; 42.5–43.5 GHz; 45.5–47 GHz; 47.2–50.2 GHz; 50.4–52.6 GHz; 66–76 GHz; 81–86 GHz. Frequency bands within […]
Why Most LTE Operators Manage Voice Calls via CS-Fallback Function?
Traditionally, voice services have been provided over circuit switched (CS) networks in wireless systems. But LTE is a purely packet switched (PS) system and, thus, requires the deployment of IMS […]
What Is 5G RAN-Based Notification Area?
In LTE systems, the MME is responsible for assigning Tracking Area (TA) to each registered UE. In 5G, however, There’s a new concept called RAN-based Notification Area (RNA). When the […]
What Is the Evolved Packet Core?
The EPC is continuous from the GPRS, which is used for mobile data services. GPRS was first a packet switched (PS) mobile data service introduced in 3GPP release 97. The […]
What Is the TTI Bundling in 4G?
4G radio has been built for low latency and high data rates, but delivering proper coverage needs further optimization procedures. Adaptive multirate (AMR) voice packets arrive every 20 ms and […]
What Is 5G New Radio (NR)?
5G NR is equivalent to how the mobile communications industry has used LTE to describe 4G technology or UMTS to describe 3G technology. 5G NR introduces a flexible air interface […]
What Are the Most Important 5G Technology Keys?
In fact, 5G will be different than the previous mobile generation at all domains. 1- 5G Spectrum It’ll support different range of frequency bands FR1 or Sub 6GHz […]
Why Is CUPS Important in 5G?
Control and User Plane Separation (CUPS) isn’t a new concept in the wireless world , It’s part of 3GPP release 14. CUPS is essential to 5G networks because it allows operators […]