What is the difference between SUPI, SUCI and 5G-GUTI in 5G SA Networks?
January 28, 2025

Currently, I see some confusion regarding 5G identification and the purpose of each one, such as which network node generates them and the subscriber’s role. I summarized the 3 identifications […]

What is an IMSI catcher?
January 22, 2025

The IMSI is a unique number assigned to every mobile subscriber, which is stored on the SIM card and used by mobile networks to identify and authenticate users. An IMSI […]

SMS Home Routing Role in SS7 Security
January 16, 2025

Before discussing why we need an SMS Router, let’s understand the 1st figure when the mobile device sends SMS to another Mobile through the normal scenario without an SMS Router […]

What is GT (Global Title)? Why Do We Need It?
January 12, 2025

Signalling System No. 7 (SS7) is an old signaling protocol, but all mobile network operators still use it to exchange information between nodes in the network nationally and internationally. Security and […]

What is IMSI Catcher?
March 24, 2024

Before starting to talk about IMSI Catcher, we need to understand what is the IMSI, its importance, and its structure. Based on this, we will discuss the IMSI catcher. So […]

What is a Multi-IMSI SIM?
August 26, 2023

At a conceptual level, the SIM identifies the subscriber to the network and enables this identity to be securely authenticated. When a device connects to a network, the SIM in the device […]